CONTENT Raw materials used in chemical industries and their sources. Division of chemical industries: heavy chemical, fine chemicals, fertilizers, plastics, metallurgy, pharmaceutical, glass, ceramics, paints, cements, soap and detergent.
CONTENTS (iii) Cracking of petroleum (thermal and catalytic) (iv) Antiknock and Octane rating CRACKING: Cracking is the process use in breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into two or more
CONTENTS Sources of hydrocarbon Classification (of aliphatic hydrocarbon) Petroleum and natural gas (i) Refining of Petroleum by fractional distillation (ii) Uses of different fractions PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY HYDROCARBON AND
TRIOXOCARBONATE (iv) ACID H2CO3 is formed when CO2(g) is dissolved in water. H2CO3 is a weak dibasic acid. It forms two series of salts: Normal trioxocarbonate (iv) Acidic hydrogen trioxocarbonate
CONTENT Coal. Fuel gases/Gasification of coke. COAL Coal is an impure form of carbon. Coal is a complex mixture of compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with
CONTENT Carbon (iv) oxide Carbon (ii) oxide CARBON (iv) OXIDE The percentage composition of carbon (iv) oxide in the atmospheric air is about 0.03% by volume while in dissolved
CONTENT Occurrence and Allotropes Properties OCCURRENCE It occurs naturally as diamond and graphite. It occurs in an impure form as coal. It occurs in the combined state as
HYDROLYSIS OF SALT Some salts undergo hydrolysis in water to give an acidic or alkaline medium (solution) e.g. Na2CO3, NaHCO3, AlCl3, Na2S, NH4Cl, CH3COONa, e.t.c. Na2CO3 + H2O
CONTENT Definition. Properties. Preparation and uses. pH. Bases Salts Efflorescence, deliquescence and hygroscopic ACIDS Definition: An acid is a substance that in aqueous solution produces hydroxonium ion (H3O+) or
CONTENTS: Gay- Lussac’s Law and Avogadro’s Law. Graham’s law of diffusion. Molar volume of gases- Avogadro number and the mole concept. Dalton’s law of partial pressure. PERIOD 1: GAY-
