WEEK: 1 DAY: SUBJECT:
DATE: TOPIC:
SUBTOPIC: PERIODS: DURATIONS:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
- Speech work: Diphthong /ei/ , /au/, /ai/, /au/, /ɔi/, /iӘ/, /eӘ/, /uӘ/
- Verb- Introduction to active voice and passive voice
- Reading and Comprehension: Reading to make meaning from spatial description.
- Vocabulary development- AIR TRANSPORT.
- Composition- Expository essay
- Literature-in-English- Prose- plot, setting, main characters (themes), characterization
KEY VOCABULARY WORDS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Wall charts, Pictures, Related Online Video, Flash Cards
CONTENT: DIPHTHONGS
The word ‘diphthong’ is from a Greek word, which means double sound. Diphthongs are also vowels. The difference is that while a pure vowel contains only one sound (monothong), a diphthong contains two vowel sounds with a glide from first vowel to the next. Examples:
/ei/ as found in rain, cake, fake, pay, etc.
/ᶕu/ as found in spoke, go, home, etc.
/ai/ as found in fight, bite, cite, kite, etc.
/au/ as found in cow, house, plough, bound, etc.
/ᴐi/ as found in foil, joy, toy, boy, etc.
/iᶕ/ as found in hear, beer, here, etc.
/ea/ as found in spear, hair, care, swear
/uᶕ/ as found in tour, poor, sure, etc.
CLASS – WORK / EVALUATION: In the words below, identify the diphthongs:
bay, ago, huge, bone, choice, coy, high.
GRAMMAR- VERB – INTRODUCTION ( ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE )
GRAMMAR Verb ( Introduction)
CONTENT:Verb
What is a Verb?
A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English.
You can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these “action” parts of speech are.
The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express.
Physical Verbs – Definition and Examples
Physical verbs are action verbs. They describe specific physical actions. If you can create a motion with your body or use a tool to complete an action, the word you use to describe it is most likely a physical verb.
Physical Verb Examples
The physical verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
- Let’s run to the corner and back.
- I hear the train coming.
- Call me when you’re finished with class.
Mental Verbs – Definition and Examples
Mental verbs have meanings that are related to concepts such as discovering, understanding, thinking, or planning. In general, a mental verb refers to a cognitive state.
Mental Verb Examples
The mental verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
- I know the answer.
- She recognized me from across the room.
- Do you believe everything people tell you?
States of Being Verbs – Definition and Examples.
They are also known as linking verbs: State of Being Verbs describe conditions or situations that exist. State of being verbs are inactive since no action is being performed. These verbs are usually complemented by adjectives.
States of Being Verb Examples.
The state of being verbs in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
- I am a student.
- We are circus performers.
- Please be quiet.
- She is a doctor.
Types of Verbs
How many types of verbs are there? In addition to the main categories of physical verbs, mental verbs, and state of being verbs, there are several other types of verbs. In fact, there are more than ten different types of verbs that are grouped by function.
Action Verbs
Action verbs express specific actions, and are used any time you want to show action or discuss someone doing something. Example: dance, sleep etc.E.gI am dancing.
Transitive Verbs
These verbs always have direct objects.It means someone or something receives the action of the verb. Examples: She gave me my book.
Bolukilled a snake.
Intransitive Verbs
These are verbs that do not have direct object. Examples: She slept soundly.
Jesus wept.
The baby cried.
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs, and are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a question or negative. Examples: I will give you my note.
I am going to the market.
I shall see you tomorrow.
Stative Verbs
Stative verbs are verbs that cannot be used in the progressive continuous form. They can be recognized because they express a state rather than an action. They typically relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and measurements. Examples: hear, smell, feel, understand, see etc.
Examples: (i) I am hearing you (wrong)
I can hear you (right)
(ii) Are you understanding me? (wrong)
Do you understand me? (right)
Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and obligations.Examples : would, need, ought, will, shall etc. I will visit you later
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs are not single words; instead, they are combinations of verbs and prepositions and adverbs to take on a different meaning to that of the original verb. Examples: put off, sit up etc. You need to sit up academically.
Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs are those that do not follow the regular spelling patterns of past simple and past participle verbs, as they do not end in ‘ed’ in their past simple and past participle forms. Example: sleep, slept, slept. I slept soundly last night
READING ASSIGNMENT: Verbs
References: English Grammar
Student Companion
What is reading with spatial description?
If talking about descriptions, this method means that the writer explains or describes objects as they are arranged in space. It creates a picture for readers, and the audience’s perspective is the viewpoint from which the writer describes what’s around.
Topic : Reading for Spartial description e.g; Interpretation of diagrams, maps and sketches.
Reading involves more than just real words, images, photographs, graphs, diagrams even cartoons are used to convey messages and ideas.
Graphs give a great deal of information in smaller spaces than it writing in words.
Diagrams are illustrations of a process or idea. They show the relationship among all details in the picture.
A map is a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features like cities, roads, etc.
Sketches are rough or unfinished drawings or painting often to assist in making a more finished picture.
There are so many different types of chart, diagrams and graphs which shows the relationship between two or more sets of ideas. The most common types of graphs you will come across are line graphs, bar graphs and pie chart.
So, if you want to be a strong reader and increase your comprehension , do not skip over diagrams, chart and sketches, they contain important information you need to read them carefully.
TOPIC: VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
CONTENT: AIR TRANSPORT
- Helicopters
- Hot air balloons
- Blimps
- Gliders
- Hang gliding
- Parachuting
- Airplanes
- Jet
- Domestic flights
- Economy class
- Cabins
- International flights
- Travellers
- Boarder
EVALUATION: Use your dictionary to discover the meaning of the following
GENERAL EVALUATION:
- Describe your favourite sport.
- Write ten sentences identifying the verbs therein.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
- Verbs Exercise
Fill in the blanks with the past or past participle form of the verb given in the brackets.
- The country is —————– by factions. (tear)
- Once Sydney Smith was asked his name by a servant and found to his dismay that he had —————— his own name. (forget)
- You couldn’t have —————- a better day for a drive. (choose)
- The old beggar was —————— by a mad dog. (bite)
- He —————– the book on the table. (lay)
- Walking through the jungle he —————- on a snake. (tread)
- He —————— a hasty retreat on the arrival of a policeman. (beat)
- You must reap what you have —————– (sow)
- His voice —————- as he spoke. (shake)
- His path was not —————– with flowers but he persevered. (strew)
- The explorers were ————— to death. (freeze)
- His voice —————— to a whisper. (sink)
COMPOSITION – EXPOSITORY ESSAY
TOPIC: COMPOSITION
CONTENT: EXPOSITORY ESSAY
HOW TO PLANT A TREE
Trees are important plants that have improved life through the provision of essential necessities. These needs make them valuable and contribute to the benefits of planting them. Trees provide a foundation for life. During photosynthesis, trees facilitate the breakdown of food materials in the presence of carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce carbohydrates. The carbohydrates promote the growth of food consumed by both humans, such as apples and oranges and animals such as elephants, giraffes, among others. They also support life by providing wood and charcoal utilized as sources of fuel and the provision of timber used to provide housing. Moreover, trees support life by providing habitat to different species such as bees, birds, and squirrels.
Trees battle climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide produced in various processes in the environment and releasing oxygen to the environment. The oxygen serves to improve the quality of air thereby regulating the climate. Trees also control the climate by restraining the occurrence of the sun, rain, and wind. The trees do so by cooling the environments through their leaves absorbing beaming of the sun, cooling the atmosphere and preserving warmth when harsh winds occur. Trees lower the air temperature by regulating the intensity of the heat through minimizing the levels of carbon dioxide produced. Additionally, they lower temperatures by providing shade to homes and streets and by releasing water vapor into the atmosphere that reduces the heat generated.
Trees clean the air by absorbing odors, harmful chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and removing dust and sifting particles from the air and trapping them in their leaves and bark. Trees provide enough oxygen for breathing to the world by absorbing the carbon dioxide in the environment and producing oxygen. Trees growing on one acre of land are estimated to consume six tons of carbon dioxide and produce four tons of oxygen beneficial to about eighteen people in a year. Trees sustain the ecosystem through their roots by preventing soil erosion during floods through holding the soil in place.
Planting trees saves water. When it rains, the trees soak up and stores water in their surrounding soil, preventing water runoff thus, providing sufficient water. Also, they save water through tree shades, slowing the process of water evaporation to the atmosphere. Trees prevent water pollution by breaking the direct fall of rainfall to the ground thereby allowing water to flow down to the trunk of the tree. Consequently, the breaking of rainfall facilitates the filtering of water, preventing the carrying of pollutants deposited on ground surfaces to water bodies.
Planting of trees creates economic opportunities. Jobs such as fruit harvesting, tree mulching and watering, building, furniture construction and production of materials such as books and paper are created. Trees provide economic benefits. When planted adjacent to buildings and housing, they reduce the need for air conditioning by 40percent by cooling the environment and cleansing the air in the surrounding. Trees also provide value to properties. The presence of trees and adequately maintained landscapes boosts the cost of property by up to 20 percent. Trees also save on the cost incurred in energy by cooling the environment through tree shades and heating the environment by trees minimizing the cooling effects of winds.
Trees help to heal, relax, and reduce blood pressure. Due to their infinite shapes, forms, sizes, and multiple colors, they help to boost people’s moods and relax them.
EVALUATION: Study the article above and map out cogent points as basis for your own essay.
Words of the week: shining, cite, site, sight, advise, advice, juncture, defy, align, erroneous