LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
- Speech work: Consonant sounds ( continued)
- Grammar- Differentiating between polar questions and tag questions.
- Argumentative essay. Topic- Cultism erodes traditional values in a society.
- Literature-in-English: Poem
KEY VOCABULARY WORDS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Wall charts, Pictures, Related Online Video, Flash Cards
CONTENT:
TOPIC: CONSONANT CONTINUED
CONTENT: Phonetic Symbols of Consonants
- /ʃ/ as in shit, lashes, fish, etc.
- /θ/ as in bath, month, anthem, both, etc.
- /s/ as in snake, sip, seat, axe, etc.
- /z/ as in zip, zoom, exact, zebra, etc.
- /ʒ/ as in pleasure, usual, vision, cohesion, etc.
- /h/ as in hit, hat, behave, etc.
- /m/ as in man, meat, melt, mud, etc.
- /n/ as in now, knock, night, etc.
- /l/ as inlow, lack, loom, etc.
- /j/ as in you, new, use, etc.
- /w/ as in away, well, warm, etc.
EVALUATION: Give five other examples on each sound.
GRAMMAR –
TOPIC: POLAR QUESTIONS
CONTENT:
Polar questions begin with an auxiliary verb or modal verb and are usually, but not always, answered using the same auxiliary/modal verb.
Examples:
- Do you like chocolate? – Yes, I do/No, I don’t
- Does she speak English? – Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t
- Are you ready? – Yes, we are/No, we aren’t
Students must learn to include the modal verb after “yes” or “no” as answering with a simple “yes” or “no” will be taken by a native speaker to indicate that the speaker is either being rude or has no interest in the conversation and the conversation will end abruptly, with both parties feeling mildly offended. Obviously the speaker can omit the “I do” part if (s)he then goes on to say something else immediately afterwards:
Does she speak English? – No, but she’s started taking lessons.
Students should also take care to repeat the modal or auxiliary and not the verb. In other words, the answer to the question
Do you like chocolate? is Yes, I do. not * Yes, I like.
Not all questions beginning with Did/Are you…? etc. lead to a simple yes/no answer. One way of getting students to respond more fully is by asking “either/or” questions, for instance, Did you…, or were you..?
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TAG AND A POLAR QUESTION
Tag questions are mainly used in order to emphasize the statement of the speaker but a polar question is more like a response to a question asked.
EVALUATION: Give an answer to the following polar questions.
- Are you okay?
Do you like her?
TOPIC: Comprehension
CONTENT: WHERE THERE IS NO DOCTOR
Aim: to understand an account of home remedies. Unit 14, page 181
EVALUATION: Read the first part of the passage, then do practice 2.
TOPIC: Vocabulary Development
Content: Words Related to Kitchen ( COOKING)
GLOSSARY OF COOKING TERMS
AL DENTE:Italian term used to describe pasta that is cooked until it offers a slight resistance to the bite.
BAKE:To cook by dry heat, usually in the oven.
BARBECUE:Usually used generally to refer to grilling done outdoors or over an open charcoal or wood fire. More specifically, barbecue refers to long, slow direct- heat cooking, including liberal basting with a barbecue sauce.
BASTE:To moisten foods during cooking with pan drippings or special sauce to add flavor and prevent drying.
BATTER: A mixture containing flour and liquid, thin enough to pour.
BEAT: To mix rapidly in order to make a mixture smooth and light by incorporating as much air as possible.
BLANCH: To immerse in rapidly boiling water and allow to cook slightly.
BLEND: To incorporate two or more ingredients thoroughly.
BOIL: To heat a liquid until bubbles break continually on the surface.
BROIL:To cook on a grill under strong, direct heat.
CARAMELIZE:To heat sugar in order to turn it brown and give it a special taste.
CHOP:To cut solids into pieces with a sharp knife or other chopping device.
CLARIFY:To separate and remove solids from a liquid, thus making it clear.
CREAM:To soften a fat, especially butter, by beating it at room temperature. Butter and sugar are often creamed together, making a smooth, soft paste.
CURE:To preserve meats by drying and salting and/or smoking.
DEGLAZE:To dissolve the thin glaze of juices and brown bits on the surface of a pan in which food has been fried, sauteed or roasted. To do this, add liquid and stir and scrape over high heat, thereby adding flavor to the liquid for use as a sauce.
DEGREASE: To remove fat from the surface of stews, soups, or stock. Usually cooled in the refrigerator so that fat hardens and is easily removed.
DICE: To cut food in small cubes of uniform size and shape.
DISSOLVE: To cause a dry substance to pass into solution in a liquid.
DREDGE: To sprinkle or coat with flour or other fine substance.
DRIZZLE: To sprinkle drops of liquid lightly over food in a casual manner.
DUST: To sprinkle food with dry ingredients. Use a strainer or a jar with a perforated cover, or try the good, old-fashioned way of shaking things together in a paper bag.
FILLET:As a verb, to remove the bones from meat or fish. A fillet (or filet) is the piece of flesh after it has been boned.
FLAKE:To break lightly into small pieces.
FLAMBE’:To flame foods by dousing in some form of potable alcohol and setting alight.
FOLD:To incorporate a delicate substance, such as whipped cream or beaten egg whites, into another substance without releasing air bubbles. Cut down through mixture with spoon, whisk, or fork; go across bottom of bowl, up and over, close to surface. The process is repeated, while slowing rotating the bowl, until the ingredients are thoroughly blended.
FRICASSEE:To cook by braising; usually applied to fowl or rabbit.
FRY:To cook in hot fat. To cook in a fat is called pan-frying or sauteing; to cook in a one-to-two inch layer of hot fat is called shallow-fat frying; to cook in a deep layer of hot fat is called deep-fat frying.
GARNISH:To decorate a dish both to enhance its appearance and to provide a flavorful foil. Parsley, lemon slices, raw vegetables, chopped chives, and other herbs are all forms of garnishes.
GLAZE:To cook with a thin sugar syrup cooked to crack stage; mixture may be thickened slightly. Also, to cover with a thin, glossy icing.
GRATE:To rub on a grater that separates the food in various sizes of bits or shreds.
GRATIN:From the French word for “crust.” Term used to describe any oven-baked dish–usually cooked in a shallow oval gratin dish–on which a golden brown crust of bread crumbs, cheese or creamy sauce is form.
GRILL:To cook on a grill over intense heat.
GRIND:To process solids by hand or mechanically to reduce them to tiny particles.
JULIENNE:To cut vegetables, fruits, or cheeses into thin strips.
KNEAD:To work and press dough with the palms of the hands or mechanically, to develop the gluten in the flour.
LUKEWARM:Neither cool nor warm; approximately body temperature.
MARINATE:To flavor and moisturize pieces of meat, poultry, seafood or vegetable by soaking them in or brushing them with a liquid mixture of seasonings known as a marinade. Dry marinade mixtures composed of salt, pepper, herbs or spices may also be rubbed into meat, poultry or seafood.
MEUNIERE:Dredged with flour and sauteed in butter.
MINCE:To cut or chop food into extremely small pieces.
MIX:To combine ingredients usually by stirring.
PAN-BROIL:To cook uncovered in a hot fry pan, pouring off fat as it accumulates.
PAN-FRY:To cook in small amounts of fat.
PARBOIL:To boil until partially cooked; to blanch. Usually this procedure is followed by final cooking in a seasoned sauce.
PARE:To remove the outermost skin of a fruit or vegetable.
PEEL:To remove the peels from vegetables or fruits.
PICKLE:To preserve meats, vegetables, and fruits in brine.
PINCH:A pinch is the trifling amount you can hold between your thumb and forefinger.
PIT:To remove pits from fruits.
PLANKED:Cooked on a thick hardwood plank.
PLUMP:To soak dried fruits in liquid until they swell.
POACH:To cook very gently in hot liquid kept just below the boiling point.
PUREE:To mash foods until perfectly smooth by hand, by rubbing through a sieve or food mill, or by whirling in a blender or food processor.
REDUCE:To boil down to reduce the volume.
REFRESH:To run cold water over food that has been parboiled, to stop the cooking process quickly.
RENDER:To make solid fat into liquid by melting it slowly.
ROAST:To cook by dry heat in an oven.
SAUTE:To cook and/or brown food in a small amount of hot fat.
SCALD:To bring to a temperature just below the boiling point.
SCALLOP:To bake a food, usually in a casserole, with sauce or other liquid. Crumbs often are sprinkled over.
SCORE:To cut narrow grooves or gashes partway through the outer surface of food.
SEAR:To brown very quickly by intense heat. This method increases shrinkage but develops flavor and improves appearance.
SHRED:To cut or tear in small, long, narrow pieces.
SIFT:To put one or more dry ingredients through a sieve or sifter.
SIMMER:To cook slowly in liquid over low heat at a temperature of about 180°. The surface of the liquid should be barely moving, broken from time to time by slowly rising bubbles.
SKIM:To remove impurities, whether scum or fat, from the surface of a liquid during cooking, thereby resulting in a clear, cleaner-tasting final produce.
STEAM:To cook in steam in a pressure cooker, deep well cooker, double boiler, or a steamer made by fitting a rack in a kettle with a tight cover. A small amount of boiling water is used, more water being added during steaming process, if necessary.
STEEP: To extract color, flavor, or other qualities from a substance by leaving it in water just below the boiling point.
STERILIZE:To destroy micro organisms by boiling, dry heat, or steam.
STEW:To simmer slowly in a small amount of liquid for a long time.
STIR:To mix ingredients with a circular motion until well blended or of uniform consistency.
TOSS:To combine ingredients with a lifting motion.
TRUSS:To secure poultry with string or skewers, to hold its shape while cooking.
WHIP:To beat rapidly to incorporate air and produce expansion, as in heavy cream or egg whites.
Evaluation: Study the terms above and their meanings.
COMPOSITION – ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY-
What is cultism in the society?
Cultism can be defined as a ritual practice by a group of people whose. membership, admission, policy and initiation formalities as well as their mode of. operations are done in secret and kept secret with their activities having negative effects. on both members and non-members alike (Ajayi, 2015).
What is the effect of cultism in a society?
The consequences of cultism include the following: Threat to peace and security in campuses and the larger society when intra-cult clashes occur. Cultists cause death and cause unhappiness to the families affected by their activities.
Cultism is an association of people who are under an oath to support them spiritually, physically and morally.morally. Their admission, registrations and forms of worship are sacred. They have various signs and signals which they use to recognize each other wherever they see each other.
“Heard from the news yesterday about the gruesome murder of five supposed cultist in a university in the south-south region of the country. It made me reminisce my time at the University of Lagos. It was almost annually that students are wounded and killed few weeks to the exam in what was suspected as a cult related attack. It annoys me that youths, who are supposed to be leaders tomorrow are virtually wasting their lives daily. This menace has become a cankerworm
Parents have a lot of role to play in curbing the rate at which cultism is ravaging our societies. Parents have to know that there is more to raising a child than money. Most parents waste too much of their time chasing money, leaving their siblings at home to maids.
Capital laws should be enacted for any form of cultism in society. Anybody found of cultism should be made to face the full wrath of the law. Cultists don’t deserve to be pampered or treated with levity; they must be made to face the full wrath of the law
The government has to create enough awareness, like it did when HIV/AIDS was on the rampage. People who have gotten out of cultism should be encouraged to speak out against this menace
Am talking to you today to have a change of heart. Cultism is bad and it is not the way to go. Everyone has various problems he or she is facing, but we shouldn’t throw away the baby with the bath water. We should not cut the face to spite the eye. You can be free from cultism. All you need to do is to believe, have faith, persevere and reach out to necessary authorities. I believe you can do it, take that step today, it’s worth
How can we eradicate cultism in our society?
Solutions to Cultism:
Cultism is a menace to society, especially since it involves the youths who are supposed to be future leaders, hence steps should be taken to eliminate it before it leads to the demise and destruction of the community.
Solutions to Cultism:
The following are steps that can be taken to eradicate cultism in our society.
- Public Enlightenment: There should be campaigns by government and non-governmental organizations to educate youth, parents, and other members of society about the ills, and consequences of cultism, through mass media like radio, television, internet, and social media.
- Vigilance: Parents, teachers, and other adults should be vigilant and watchful. They should monitor the youth, the friends they keep, and the activities they are involved in. They should monitor their phones, pictures, types of movies the children watch and music they listen to.
- Moral Instructions: Religion and moral instructions should be given to students of all levels of education. It should be included in the school curriculum. Churches should organize spiritual seminars and workshops for youths.
- Legislation: There should be strict and tough measures against any individual who is involved in cultism. Laws to prohibit students, and also adults, involved in cultism, should be put in place.
Arrested Cultists in Nigeria.
- Censorship of the Internet and Social Media: Social media should be checked and censored. The type of films and sites children log into should be censured by the government agencies set up to do so, so that children would not be misled by wrong and dangerous information.
TOPIC: Poetry CONTENT: Poetic Language
Study the use of Language in the poem below
The Owl and the Pussy-Cat
The Owl and the Pussy-Cat went to sea
In a beautiful pea-green boat:
They took some honey,
and plenty of money
Wrapped up in a five-pound note.
The Owl looked up to the stars above,
And sang to a small guitar,
“O lovely Pussy, O Pussy, my love,
What a beautiful Pussy you are,
You are,
You are!
What a beautiful Pussy you are!”
Contemporary Illustrator: Donna L. Derstine
Pussy said to the Owl, “You elegant fowl,
How charmingly sweet you sing!
Oh! let us be married;
too long we have tarried:
But what shall we do for a ring?”
They sailed away, for a year and a day,
To the land where the bong-tree grows;
And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood,
With a ring at the end of his nose,
His nose,
His nose,
With a ring at the end of his nose.
“Dear Pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling
Your ring?”Said the Piggy, “I will.”
So they took it away, and were married next day
By the Turkey who lives on the hill.
They dined on mince and slices of quince,
Which they ate with a runcible spoon;
And hand in hand on the edge of the sand
They danced by the light of the moon,
The moon,
The moon,
They danced by the light of the moon.
The Owl and the Pussycat – 1871 – by Edward Lear
EVALUATION: Highlight words that provokes mental pictures
GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS
Change the following active sentences into passive voice.
- I did not beat her.
- I will never forget this experience.
- Mother made a cake yesterday.
- The boy teased the girl.
- Did she do her duty?
- The tiger was chasing the deer.
- She has written a novel.
- She has learned her lessons.
- Have you finished the report?
- The police have caught the thief.
- My brother has completed the work.
- Somebody stole my pen yesterday.
- Our team may win the matchx.
- Nurses look after patients.
Compose a poem of your own
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
- Make passive sentences using the words given.
Example
- (TV / invent / Baird) TV was invented by Braid
- (Pyramids / build / Egyptians)
- (coffee / grow / in Brazil)
- (chopsticks / use / in China)
- (plants / water / every day)
- (the thief / arrest / policeman / yesterday)
- (the injured man / take to a hospital / now)
- (my car / repair / tomorrow)
- (your letter / send / last week)
Words of the Week: Consensus, mischievous, misspell, pastime, relevant, separate, their, supersede, they’re